Amazonas: As indicated by its name sake; this rhythm is from the region of Iquitios both popular in the region along with the rural areas of the Peruvian Amazon.

Bossa Nova: The Bossa Nova is a very popular contemporary genre in Brazil who was developed in 1962 by João Gilberto it is considered that the first song of Bossa Nova is “bim bom” and widely enjoyed internationally. The structure of the rhythm of the bossa nova is set in 4/4 who at its core is based on a samba. In a Bossa Nova ensemble the high hat of the drum kit mimics the pandero (a small Brazilian tambourine). The standard instrumentation for bossa nova is the nylon strung classical guitar or sometimes flute, saxaphone, accordion and sometimes electronic organ, and for the stringed instruments this would include electric guitar, electric bass or upright bass, piano, or sometimes keyboards this really depends on the ensemble, orchestra or band playing the bossa nova. Famous bossa nova standards include melodies as The Girl of Ipanema, Black Orpheus [film score for the movie Black Orpheus] and many other tracks written by Joao Gilberto. The widely covered melody Black Orpheus who is a widely enjoyed film track covered both inside Brazil and in North America by famous Jazz musicians and singers Ella Fitzgerald, Herbie Mann, Charley Byrd and Stan Getz who increased the popularity of the Bossa Nova in North America.

C'ahuas: A rhythm that is one of the many variations of the huayno in 2/4 meter.

Carnival: A celebratory rhythm played during many festivities, local, national, regional ETC. Often the open tunings on guitar, charango, and the mandolin in which are used to play the carnival melodies. This is especially the case in the rural areas, the carnival-melody is played in an open tuning usually in open D or Open G6 tunings in the case of the guitar.

Choro: The Choro is a a very cheerful and urban rhythm who is set in the 2/4 meter, the Choro originates in Rio De Jeinero in the 1900s. Structurally the choro genre incorporates the rondo being a progression that includes three components AABBACCA each component of the rondo used in the choro would be arranged in a different key. Notable exponents of the choro include Jacob De Bandolim b.1918 whose compositions include (Noites Cariocas, Doce de Coco and many others some of his compositions include Assanhado who are reminiscent of bebop) born and Zequinha de Abreu b. 1880 whose melodies include Tico Tico No Fuba (The Chickadee in the Cornmeal). Enesto Nazareth b. 1863 in Rio De Jeinero he is known for his creative choro and tango compositions some of his choro compositions. Valdir Azevedo b. 1923 in São Paulo he is known for a wide range of works who include the choro delicado amongst many others.

Cumbia: A very popular 4/4 rhythm in both Central America, South America and the Caribbean. In South America the cumbia has widely dispersed from its origin in Colombia through out Ecuador, Peru, and other countries in South America. In Peru a genre of music called "Chicha" in reference to fermented corn beverage. This music started in Peru during the 1960's as a syntheses of Western, Indigenous and contemporary musics. The most common progressions in cumbia range from A minor-G-Major A minor, D-Major, E-Minor, D-Major so on.

Galopos: In Paraguay and Argentina the Galopos a fast tempo rhythm in 6/8 meter 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 x 1, 2. Galopos is a Spanish verb meaning "gallop" the galopos rhythm when played is inspired by the galloping patterns of the horse; the differences in between Joropo and the Galopos is in their accents

Fox-Incaico: The Fox-Incaico is of the many rhythms played and written in a 4/4 meter. The Fox Incaico is quite popular around the areas of the Cuzco Departmentos "department" or district. The Fox Incaico rhythm has a strong emphasis on staccato be it voice, or plucked stringed instrument or bowed, or on percussion. A famous song composed a great composer Jore Bravo De Reuba is the "Virgin of the Sun" or "Virgenes Del Sol" who is written in Fox Incaico.

Huayños in Spanish or in Quecha - wayñu: The huayno is an important rhythm in which also shares a genre with in the Andean musics of Peru and Bolivia. When the huayños are played they are usually written in 2/4 time. The time signature which would be 1, 2 and 3 + 1, 2 and 3 + 1, 2 and 3. This huayño dance and rhythm is very popular through out most regions of Peru. There are an infinite number and variations of the Haynos in this description I will give the huayño "Vallicha" which is also in 2/4 time and is played in the Cusco department. One of the main characteristics of the Huayno is the pronounced "lilting" of the beat, the Huayno is also slower in tempo to the polka. The instrumentation of the huayños includes the quena (flute), clarinet, or accordion arpa (harp), violin, or mandolin, bandurria and bombo (drum) this of course depends on the region to which the huayño is played.

Huaylarsh: The Sikuri rhythm played in a 2/4 although in four successive beats on the bombo or any other percussion instrument. The accent of this rhythm is counted as 1 + 2, 1 + 2, 1 + 2. On guitar, charango, ronroco or bandurria this could be demonstrated as down stroke, up stroke x down stroke, upstroke.

Sikuri: The Sikuri rhythm played in a 2/4 although in four successive beats on the bombo or any other percussion instrument. The accent of this rhythm is counted as 1, 2 x 1, 2 x 1 x 2. Instrumentation of the sikuri often includes guitar, charango, ronroco or bandurria this could be demonstrated as down stroke, up stroke x down stroke, upstroke.

Tinku: The tinku is a annually held ritual combat performed annually by the local people in Potosi Bolivia, and in Southern Peru. There are many traditional melodies and rhythms that are directly associated to the Tinku. The tinku's are celebrated by many Indigenous communities during which they are rather lively celebrations. When the men do the 'fighting' in between breaks the women and children often bring the food, refreshments, and beverages in this case "chica", the Indigenous corn cider. The rhythm in this case is directly linked to the movements of the feet and body during this ritualized form of combat.

Taquirari: A traditional rhythm which is quite popular in the Cuzco, Araquipa, Apurimac departments. This rhythm can be played in 2/4 or commonly in 4/4 time. Sometimes the tempos of the taquirari do switch from tempo to tempo for example a rhythm maybe played in 4/4 and then switch to 3/4 then back to 4/4 this melodic structure is quite common in many regional melodies written in taquirari. When listening to the taquirari the rhythm the taquirari is very subtle in the way it is played. In Cuzco the taquirari is played in a moderate tempo for the taquirari maybe played a bit differently from one another in different areas with in Peru, this rhythm is also popular in Bolivia.

Joropo: The joropo is a very fast paced 6/8 rhythm although sometimes alternates between 3/4 and 6/8 tempos depending on the melody being played. The Joropo is widely played through out Venezuela and Colombia. Although in 1882 the Joropo became the national dance of Venezuela. There are three styles of joropo played in Venezuela they are Joropo Illanera for this regional joropo the instrumentation would include arpa Illanera (Harp of Illanera), bandola, quatro and maraca's; the Joropo Central and Joropo Oriantal. Instrumentation of the ensembles playing the joropo vary through out the regions in Venezuela.

Marinera: A very popular, traditional and patriotic genre and dance in Costal Peru this is one of the most popular dances in 6/8 time. Also there is both a festival and national holiday associated with the celebration of this rhythm. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 x 1, 2 to the eighth beat. Some history of the Marinera its known the Marinera originated from the coast of Peru to which there are several versions of this dance (danza) these versions of the dance are Marinera Lima (a Merinera from Lima), Merinera Costela (a Merinera from the central, to southern coast of Peru) and Marinera Seranna (a merinera found in the Andean highlands). The Merinera is a name that comes from a baptism performed for dance in the year 1789 by a priest named don Abelardo Gamarra, "El Tunante".

Milonga: The Milonga is a genre, rhythm and a dance that originates from the Rio De La Plata region of Argentina although it is also very popular in neighboring Paraguay and Uruguay. Another meaning for the world milonga is where a place to which tango's maybe danced. The rhythm of the Milonga is set to a 2/4 although the milonga is often syncopated. A regular 2/4 Milonga would be as follows 1- 2, 3, 4, 5- 6 7 8 where as a syncopated Milonga would be as follows 1- 2 3 4- 5- 6 7- 8 or as 1- 2 3 4- 5 6 7- 8.

Morenada: The morenada is a rhythym in 6/8 that is found in Bolivia where it is quite popular in La-Paz particularly in the African Bolivian community.

Pasillo: The Pasillo also played in 3/4 meter mainly played in Ecuador and Colombia. The Passillo is a unique form of the vals played in reverse. When played on percussion instruments such as the bombo, the pasillo can be played by the mallet striking the surface or rim of the bombo then striking the middle of the bombo. In playing the pasillo on guitar rather then plucking with the thumb first the three fingers pluck the string, then the thumb plucks the strings.

Pasaqaille: Pronounced as [Pasaqaye], this rhythym can be written as 2/4 or 4/4.

Pascalle: Another 2/4 meter rhythm in Peru.

Polka or Polca (in Spanish): In Peru and Bolivia, the Polka or Polca was introduced by the arrival of the Spanish. Polca's can be mild to quite fast in tempo although they are written and played in 2/4 beat, usually a 1, 2 x 1, 2 x 1, 2.

San-Juanito: A mild to fast tempo 4/4 rhythm who is popular rhythm in whose played repertoire is included in many ensemble's in the Northern Peruvian and Ecuadorian andes. The beat of san-juanito is in the following 1' 2, 3 _ x 1' 2, 3 _ and also repeats up to 1500 times.

Tango: The Tango is a couples dance who is very popular through out Argentina in Buenos Aries, Paraguay and Uruguay. For a very long time the tango has been very popular internationally for quite some time and still continues to be popular. The tango craze spread through out Europe in the 1800s to 1900s. There are several styles of the tango which are widely danced they are Argentine Tango, Paraguayan Tango, Ball Room Tango (in American or International styles) As of the mid 1990s a new form the tango appeared as the "Nuevo tango" until quite recently some newer developments include Tango Electronica (Electronic tango). The bandoneon-ist Astor Piazzolla b. 1921 to Italian parents he is a celebrated musician and exponent of the tango. UNESCO recently declared the tango as an world heritage of humanity in 2006. Tango's have spread as far as Finland where they are incorporated as instrumental.

Vallicha: Another regional rhythm found in Peru 2/4 meter.

Waillia: A rhythm that is played in slow, moderate or fast tempos. For example the waillia can also be played in the 4/4, 9/4, 6/8, 12/8, 27/8 meters. There are many regional variations of the waillia in which for example the meters given above can work with the "Waillia Oporeza" who originates from the Oporeza region of Peru. The 9/4 and 27/8 meters are used in the Rio De Oporeza region of Peru. Many variations of the Waillia are played through out the various departmentos of Peru. The waillia is also considered a ceremonial rhythm.

Yaravi: A rhythm played in a slow tempo in which the rhythm varies regionally through playing technique or strumming pattern and the accent. These rhythms are influenced from the regional areas to which they originate. The yaravi is found in Araquipa, Ayacucho, Cusco, Puno and other neighboring areas in Peru and in a broader range. Melodies composed in Yaravi are also popular in Bolivia. The yaravi is often played in meters that range incrementally from 2/4 to 3/4 or 4/4 or sometimes the meters of the rhythms are often mixed for example. The first bar would be in 2/4 the second bar would speed up in tempo and then is played in 3/4. The third bar would be in 2/4; this is one of many examples in which a yaravi can be played.