Amazonas: As the name says, this rhythm is from the region of Iquitios both popular in the region along with the rural areas of the Peruvian Amazon.
Cumbia: A very popular genre though has its origins in Columbia it rapidly spread through Ecuador to Peru. Its played in 4/4 and slight variations are found through out stylizations, technique wise. In the 21st century Peru one would find a modern electronic variation called "techno-cumbia" having strong emphasis on the use with synthesizers, and computers.
C'ahuas: A rhythm that is a variation of huayno and is in
Carnival: A celebratory rhythm played during many festivities, local, national, regional ETC. Often open tunings on guitar, charango, mandolin are used to play carnival. Especially so in the rural areas where one string is the main melody-string. The rest of the strings maybe looked as sympathetic strings.
Galopos: This 6/8 rhythm is widely played in the rural areas of Argentina and also has a strong precense in Paraguay.
Fox-Incuaico: One of the many 2/4 meters and rhythms in which are quite popular around and with in the Cuzco department.
Huaynos: A genre well established and known in Peru, has a lilting type rhythm played in 2/4 time...popular in festivals, open concerts, and other out door or indoor occasions. Often the huaynos are imposed though there is a core genre of traditional melodies composed in this style. The now famous melody El Condor Pasa is an example of a very well known "Huayno" is believed to date back some 300 years ago.
Huaylarsh: A very popular traditional genre also played along with huaynos. The meter is played in 2/4 time. This meter is played in festivals, weddings other large gatherings and the like.
Marinera: Another popular and also traditional dance in Peru, this is one of the most popular dances in 6/8 time. Also there is both a festival (national)
Modenera: A rhythm played in Bolivia to which is popular in La-Paz in particular with the African-Bolivian community. It’s played in a similar 6/8 time.
Sikuri: A well used rhythm both in festivals, traditional ceremonies, and such; very much used in the Andean regions Cuzco, Puno ETC.
Tin'Ku: This rhythm has its origins in the Andean mountains, used in Southern Peru and Bolivia...This rhythm is also in association with an annual festival based on villagers fighting each other for an ancient annual ritual in which is a communal "fight" of sort this ritual still goes on today in some villages but has been since the time of the Incas. There is a tradition associated in which different communities and villages would participate in. This form of “fight” does date back pre-Colonial times during and perhaps before the Inca Empire had a solid foot hold in Peru. This tradition is still practiced to this day.
Tinukunu: A 2/4 or 4/4 meter rhythm which is found in Bolivia.
Taki-yari: A rhythm played around, the Cuzco department, but very popular around Puno department and Apruimac for the adaptability for use with "slow" melodies. Often this meter is played solo (guitarist or other instrumentalist utilizing the rhythms and or such). This rhythm can be played in 2/4 mostly in 4/4 time. The Characteristics are very subtle but one can pick the subtitles up in Cuzco it’s a moderate tempo for the taki-yari the same for Ayacucho, Apruimac. Where as in contrast the taki-yari in Puno is played quite slowly and often solo instrumentation is used.
Pasillo: This is a unique form of the waltz which seems to be only found in Ecuador and is played in reverse, in 3/4 time.
Pasaqaille: pronounced as "Pasaqaye", (more information needed).
Polka: Originally from Europe; brought via Spain and other regions of Europe, mostly of Spanish influence. This rhythm and meter is played around in Lima, although in other regions or "departments" in Peru. Like its European counterpart and origin the polka is played in 2/4 time. This is played in most regions of Peru including the coast.
San-Juanito: A mild to fast tempo 4/4 rhythm, also popular in many ensemble's Andean and else-wise.
Wayllaia: A slow rhythm which can also be played in 4/4, 6/8, 12/8, 27/8 are some of the many, many variations of this rhythm played. This does depend domestically ith in Peru from region to region where wayllaia is played.
Alcatraz: This genre and musical style and rhythm is also played in the coast. Often sharing song repertoires with many lando melodies performed by the same musicians, groups ETC. This rhythm and genre of music is played often in major keys, a few pieces have been written in minor major minor, but most are, in any given major keys of A, B, E, F, G, B, C, D major though lesser utilized in alcatraz. ETC. As the laud and bandurria disappeared in the coastal regions, the guitar, cajon, vocals and other percussion are the more dominant in arranging ensembles for these coastal traditions. Boleros: A rhythm introduced to Peru by the Spanish and very much alive in Mexico and also expressed in Classical music (often for guitar or symphony); but remains popular in the coast of Peru. Although in 4/4 the accent is slightly different then the Flamenco or Classical-Bolero or Bolero played in Classical music, or the North American Bolero. Though the al it does share the same or similar roots as to the origins of the Bolero.
Festejo: A very popular genre and rhythm played in 12/8 time. This meter is traditional and popular in the coast of Peru. Especially in the area near regions in and bordering Lima; in the Afro-Peruvian communities in Lima, and near by. This tradition was mostly "vocals" and "percussion" accompanying the dance. The guitar and other instruments such as base guitar or up-right base came much later through out the early part of the 20th century.
Lando: A traditional and also popular genre in the coastal region of Peru. Melodies are often played in 12/8 rhythm but quite slow, and are also in minor keys in contrast to the alcatraz. The subject material of Lando is very dark, controversial in nature. Often the subject matter with in the songs played under the lando rhythm speak of social issues, every day issues and of every thing from substance abuse and other daily tragedies to other negative aspects of social-life in the coastal areas of Peru.
Tondero: A little known genre, which is played in Lambayeque Department (which borders Ecuador). This style represents or shares elements of modern flamenco and jazz. Often the arrangements are of a soloist-singer and a small chorus, and sometimes brass-band music accompanying this genre in public performances (festivals) and such. the style of singing is often situated with "balada" or "ballad singing" also like Lando of a "tragic nature". Tondero is also strongly associated with African Peruvian music and in lesser degree mestizo music both had accumulated to form this genre and contributed to the unique music of Lambayeque.
Valtze or Valse: Lima-Valtze in 3/4 time; particular this genre is structurally related to the Viennese waltz though was introduced by the Spanish. However local African-Peruvian musician in particular in Lima, Peru have a long established history of the valtze or valze as it’s known in Spanish. Many very beautiful melodies are composed in this meter.
Resources:
Rene Hugo Sanchez,
Embasy of Peru:
Meranera.org > This site in Spanish language is deidcated to the traditiona, national dance of peru, celebrated all over the country there is even a national holiday dedicated to this tradition.
